Nouvelle vidéo : ENQUÊTE : Il reste un TRÉSOR DANS LE TITANIC (et c'est Barbe-Noire qui a la carte)

L'émission "Return to the Titanic: Live !"

En 1987 l'émission "Return to the Titanic: Live !", filmée et diffusée en direct depuis la Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, présentait devant un public endimanché l'ouverture de valises et sacs provenant de l'épave du Titanic et jamais ouvert. Cette émission avait provoqué la polémique en raison de la publicité et du profit tiré des objets récupérés directement au milieu de ce que certains qualifient d'un "cimetière". En effet, l'épave du Titanic est protégée depuis 2004 seulement par un accord international pour la préservation des restes in situ est signé par les Etats-Unis, le Canada, la France et le Royaume-Uni malgré les blocages de la compagnie. Le traité est conforme à la Convention sur la protection du patrimoine culturel subaquatique, adoptée en 2001 par l’Unesco, qui affirme le principe de la préservation des objets dans des sites d’épaves considérés comme des musées sous-marins. Malgré cela, rien n'interdit la visite de l'épave par tout un chacun et les objets sont la propriété de la société privée R.M.S Titanic inc.

Voir l'émission : https://youtu.be/MXaYW2JE8KI?si=aRdu9cABQSvgzVy2&t=467

CITATIONS

David Galusha says that the bottom of the ocean is a “pristine environment”, because there is no light, the water is fresh and salted. These conditions are good for the conservation of artefacts in leather. We can see several parts of leather belts, a suitcase, because of the tanning of leather that permit a good conservation in cold and salted water : it prevents deterioration. After the recovery of leather artefacts, a important task must be done to create individual archives for each of those ones. Photos, localization of artefact before the recovery, date of the recovery. And when that task has been done, artefacts must be conserved in a full o sea water container. Indeed, as artefacts stayed in the ocean for decades, the most efficient way to protect those ones is to recreate the same environment to keep the bacteriologic balance. Conservation of pieces of paper follows the same way : Alex Klingelhofer, who is the vice president of collections, says to the journalist that pieces of paper must be kept wet to avoid disintegration happening. It’s really important to take care of paper documents like books or playing cards, because she says that scientists didn’t think that they will recover these so fragile artefacts after decades in salt water.

[...] Since 1987, a private American company called RMS Titanic, Inc. has salvaged more than 5,000 artifacts from the Titanic. "The paper or textile items that were recovered survived because they were inside suitcases. The tanned leather of the suitcases tended to protect them," said Alexandra Klingelhofer, vice president of collections for Premier Exhibitions Inc. Klingelhofer described the suitcases as "time capsules" that can give people a "sense of the person who owned the suitcase." Seven paper and textile items, some of the “rarest Titanic artifacts ever recovered,” will be on display for the last time at *Titanic: The Artifact Exhibition*, at the Luxor Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, beginning April 15. The items will be displayed alongside the casino's permanent collection of Titanic artifacts before they are returned to a conservation faculty in July.

Source : https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/04/12/seven-rare-titanic-artifacts-display-last-time-luxor-casino-las-vegas/82891936/

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

• BERNARD-MAUGIRON, Henri, BONNOT-DICONNE, Céline, CAILLAT, Loic, GUIBLAIN, Thomas, HÉLIAS, Floriane JAOUEN, Marine, POLETTO, Andrea, «La Jeanne-Élisabeth livre ses secrets : deux restaurations d’objets personnels issus d’une épave suédoise (XVIIIe siècle)», Patrimoines du Sud [En linha], 6 | 2017, mes en linha lo 01 septembre 2017, consultat lo 03 octobre 2023. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/pds/2181; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/pds.2181

• CHAHINE, Claire, Cuir & Parchemin ou la métamorphose de la Peau, CNRS éditions, 24 octobre 2010, 464p.

• FLORIAN, M-L. E., Deterioration of organic materials other than wood, Ed. Colin Pearson, Butterworth (...) Conservation of Marine Archaeological Objects, 1987, pp. 21-54.

• LACOUDRE, Noël, "Titanic, Campagne de 1987 : "Les Guérisseurs d'objets" et le traitement éléctrochimique des papiers et billets de banque" pp.13-15, et CHAHINE, Claire, "La lyophilisation des papiers et des cuirs", pp.16-24, et HERRENSCHIMDT, Florence, MOINOT, Marianne, "Une lieue sous la mer, Le Titanic : traitement des papiers", pp.25-32, dans Les rencontres du CRCDG : "Autour du Titanic", 10 janvier 1997, Grande galerie de l'évolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 28p.

• LACOUDRE, Noël, MONTLUCON, Jacques, Les Objets du Titanic: La mémoire des abîmes, Hermé, 1 avril 1991, 240p.

• LEFEBVRE, Françoise, PAIN, Silvia, Le traitement des objets du Titanic : complémentarité ou pluridisciplinarité?19894° 26 III - 49. http://cadicintegrale.inp.fr/exl-php/cadcgp.php?CMD=CHERCHE&MODELE=vues/bib_portail_-_recherche_avancee/tpl-r.html&MULTIVAL_1=titanic&MULTIFIELD_1=FT_ANY_TEXT_COLUMN&MULTIOP_1=OU

• LEON HAMILTON, Donny, Basic Methods of Conserving Underwater Archaeological Material Culture? U.S. Department of Defense, Legacy Resource Management Program, 1996, 128p.

https://books.google.fr/books?id=1iFmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=conservation+of+leather+underwater&source=bl&ots=OW6S1j3fWt&sig=ACfU3U3lPMFenVNa3aabxxtayL2GorJ1JQ&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwihjrjc_7P2AhUBLBoKHWGVABgQ6AF6BAhFEAM#v=onepage&q=conservation of leather underwater&f=false

• MÉLINE, Fabienne, Interactions à l'interface Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans / Pyrite : inhibition et adhésion. Science des sols. Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1, 1996. Français. ⟨NNT : 1996NAN10347⟩. ⟨tel-01747225⟩

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44797018_La_conservation_des_artefacts_archeologiques_en_cuir

• MEMET, Jean Bernard, Conservation of underwater cultural heritage: characteristics and new technologies, Museum international, LX(60), 4 / 240, 2008, pp.42-49.

https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000181557

• MOLAUG, Svein,The Norwegian Maritime Museum organizes underwater archaeology, Museum, XXXV, 1, 1983, pp. 57-61. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000054927

• TACKER, R. Chris. 2020. A review of "pyrite disease" for paleontologists, with potential focused interventions. Palaeontologia Electronica, 23(3):a44. https://doi.org/10.26879/1044 palaeo-electronica.org/content/2020/3159-pyrite-disease

• "Musées et patrimoine subaquatique" dans Museum, Vol. XXXV, no 1, 1983 , qui succède à Mouseion, est publié à Paris par l'organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture. La revue, trimestrielle, est une tribune internationale d'information et de réflexion sur les musées de tous genres.

https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000054913_fre/PDF/127336freo.pdf.multi.nameddest=54913

• "Archaeology of Titanic," dans ARCHEOLOGY, May/June 2012, James P. Delgado speaks of revisiting the ship as part of a new expedition in 2010.

• "Diving on the Titanic" dans ARCHEOLOGY, Volume 54 Number 1, January/February 2001, Text and Photographs by James P. Delgado https://archive.archaeology.org/0101/etc/titanic1.html

Articles de musées

• Article du Musée de Cherbourg sur le traitement d'artefacts provenant du Titanic

https://www.mediathequedelamer.com/wp-content/uploads/titanic_restauration-des-objets.pdf

• Cité de la mer à Cherbourg https://www.citedelamer.com/landing/titanic/

• Voir les collections d'artefacts en ligne https://www.titanicmuseum.org/type/paper/

• Titanic Belfast https://www.titanicbelfast.com/news/30-things-to-discover-about-titanic-and-titanic-belfast/

Articles sur les papiers du Queen Anne's Revenge

• https://www.ncdcr.gov/news/press-releases/2018/01/04/fragments-pirate-paper-discovered-and-conserved-queen-anne’s-0

• https://eu.delawareonline.com/story/news/education/2018/02/14/ud-conservators-analyze-paper-fragments-found-blackbeards-flagship/333864002/

• https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jan/11/fragments-of-book-recovered-from-wreck-of-blackbeards-ship

• https://www.udel.edu/udaily/2018/january/blackbeard-pirates-shipwreck-paper/

ARTICLES DE PRESSE EN VRAC

• "*Titanic* in the Courts," this issue, Ricardo J. Elia's chronology of Titanic legal and salvage actions

• "Diving for Diamonds," September 20, 2000, Ricardo Elia's report on legislation affecting shipwrecks including Titanic

• Office of general counsel, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, R.M.S Titanic - Frequently Asked Questions https://www.gc.noaa.gov/gcil_titanic-ref.html

• Croyances sur le Titanic https://www.bbc.com/afrique/monde-56760945

• https://www.artlyst.com/news/lost-art-treasures-of-the-titanic/

• https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/18/poignant-letters-salvaged-from-1941-shipwreck-ss-gairsoppa

• https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/oct/21/letter-written-on-titanic-fetches-record-126000-at-auction

• https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/eyewitness-account-sinking-titanic-1912

• https://fineartamerica.com/featured/diary-from-the-titanic-patrick-landmannscience-photo-library.html

• http://maritime-heritage.blogspot.com/2014/03/blog-post.html

• https://www.dw.com/en/the-secret-world-of-underwater-archaeology/a-57200329